Color treatment of concrete



1, 1941- R. E. MADISON ETAL 21,928

COLOR TREATMENT OF CONCRETE Original Filed Nov. 20, 1939 DEPOSIT OFPIGHENT/IT' 77/5 SUPP/ICE 'AND IN .THE OPE'N SURF/1C5 PO/EES" ANDINTEEST/CES.

v 4 THE ma /vrxo/v COL 01950 THE E N 77495 DEPT/1 OF PENET/QA T/ON1F/DEP7'H OF PEA/[779A 770 or VEHICLE AND DYE DEPTH OFPE/VET/QAT/O/V NOTCOL ORE D OF VEH/C'L E DEPTH OF PEA/[TEA T/ON OF VEH/CL E (/55 OFCONVENTIONAL f2 0019 PA/NT WITH TH/N/VE 1P ADDED Y fPfi/OE A197) 11vVENTORS.

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' TTokA/EY Reissued Oct. 21, 1941' COLOR. TREATMENT OF CONCRETE Ralph E.Madison, Detroit, Mich., and Arthur T. Saunders, Tulsa, Okla., assignorsto Truscon Laboratories, Inc., a corporation of Michigan Original No.2,220,341, dated November 5, 1940,

Serial No. 305,410, November 20, 1939. Application for reissue April 26,1941, Serial No.

9 Claims.

This invention relates to the treatment of floors and other structuresof cement mortar, concrete, natural and artificial stone and the like.

'The principal object of this invention is to provide a novelcomposition for mass color treating and dressing concrete or cementfloors and the like possessing greater color retention and more wearresistance than was heretofore attainable through the use of films moreor less superficially deposited on the surface.

It is well known in the art that films from paint, lacquers, coloredwaxes, etc., when applied to concrete or cement floors are, in reality,only superficially imposed on the surface and have no real penetrationexcept in the larger open pores and cracks thereof wherein the materialflows freely. The reason that the paint, lacquers, colored waxes, etc.,have substantially no penetration in concrete or cement floors whenapplied thereto is that the said product must necessarily be ofrelatively high viscosity in order to produce a suitable film thicknessand that the coloring materials generally used are insoluble in thecarrying vehicle.

In contradistinction, the instant invention provides a composition formass color treating and dressing of concrete or cement floors and thelike which employs a vehicle having a very low viscosity. In addition tothe vehicle employed in the instant invention having a very lowviscosity it also has a very low degree of polymerization, which vehicleimparts to the novel composition embodying the invention a high capacityto wet the pores of the floor to which it is applied whereby to allow amaximum degree of penetration and absorption by the concrete or cementfloor and the like to which the said composition is applied. The novelcomposition provides a thorough and fixed coloring of the masspenetrated.

The novel composition actually penetrates and works its way well intothe concrete or cement floor or other structure to which it may beapplied and colors the same to the full depth of its penetration, and,as the composition penetrates and colors, it deposits pigment dispersedtherethrough at the surface of the structure treated which becomesengaged in mechanically interlocked relationship in the surface poresand interstices thereof. A floor or other structure treated by the novelcomposition disclosed herein will show a minimum of wear under heavytraffic without exposing areas of sharply contrasting color as normallythe case when employing any of the well-known surface film type floorpaints,

lacquers, etc. The novel composition applied to a concrete or cementfloor and the like does not increase the dusting of a floor under wearand will not crack, craze or peel oif inasmuch as the compositionbecomes an intimate and substantially integral part of the structure tothe surface of which it is applied.

Fig. 1 is an enlarged fragmentary more or less diagrammatic sectionalView of a floor or other structure illustrating the use thereon of thenovel mass color treating composition.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view similar to Fig. l of a floor orother structure illustrating the use thereon of a conventional floorpaint.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view similar to Figs. 1 and 2 of a fiooror other structure illustrating the use thereon of a conventional floorpaint having a thinner added.

In the instant invention, the novel composition employed for colortreating concrete and cement floors and the like comprises a suitablelow viscosity vehicle into which pigment material is dispersed and towhich is intimately added a solution of organic dyestuffs by agitationuntil the dye dissolved in its solvent exists in uniform solution withthe said vehicle containing the pigment.

A typical example of the novel composition for color treating concreteor cement floors and the like and method of preparing the same will nowbe given.

A low viscosity vehicle or base is first prepared which preferablycomprises approximately 200-600 pounds of China-wood oil, linseed oil,Perilla oil or other suitable drying oil heated together withapproximately pounds of rosin, limed rosin, East India gum, ester gum,phenolformaldehyde resin or other suitable resin in such a manner thatthe mixture reaches a temperature of about 560 F. in a period ofapproximately 25 to 40 minutes, at which time it is withdrawn from thesource of heat and allowed to cool to about 475 F. Approximately 800pounds of petroleum distillate thinner having a boiling range ofapproximately to 210 centigrade, are then added. Suitable metallicdriers such as fatty acid soaps, resinates, and naphthenate of lead,manganese or cobalt may be added in suflicient quantity to accelerate tothe desired degree the drying of the drying oil present. Such a vehiclebase or an equivalent thereof may be employed which is characterized bybeing not only low in. viscosity but which has a very low degree ofpolymerization.

A pigment material preferably in red, if red dye is to be used; ingreen, if green dye is to be used, etc., is added to the vehicle base byemploying a suitable mill such as a five roll mill, buhr stone mill orthe like to assure thorough dispersion therein.

A solution of dyestuffs of the type soluble in coal tar solvent such ashigh flash naphtha is prepared using the same color and preferably alittle darker than the color of the pigment material employed. Thesolution of dye dissolved in its solvent is then added to the mixture ofvehicle base and pigment and the composition is agitated until the dyeexists in uniform solution with the vehicle.

In other words, the final product comprises the herein definedingredients or the equivalents thereof and the said ingredients arepresent therein in the following proportions2-a dispersion of finelyground pigment material in a base composed of a drying oil and resinmiscible with coal tar solvents wherein the drying oil is present in 2to 6 times the quantity of the resin, the said base including apetroleum distillate thinner from 1 /3 to 4 times the amount of dryingoil employed, and a solution of dyestuffs soluble in coal tar solventadded to said pigmentized base in sufficient amount to impart to theresulting composition the desired degree of color, penetration andscrubbability into a cementitious structure being color treated therebywithout deposition of a continuous film thereover.

When the composition is to be applied to a relatively dense structuresuch as stone or well has been found that the addition of from 25 to 40pounds of paraffin wax or the like to the vehicle after it has beenallowed to cool to about 475 F. will materially increase thewaterproofness of a concrete or cement floor treated by the novelcomposition. In other words, in the event Wax is used in thecomposition, the amount of wax employed is 25% to 40% by weight of theresin employed in the base.

tamped and troweled concrete, the solution of dyestuffs employed in thecomposition is made up by using a suitable volume of coal tar solvent tomake the composition sufficiently fluid to carry the dyestuifs andpigment well into the surface pores and interstices of the structurebeing color treated. By manufacturing the composition first as a basewith the pigment dispersed therethrough and then adding the desiredsolution of dyestuffs soluble in a coal tar solvent, which solvent ofcourse is volatile, the invention may be practiced with two distinctadvantages: First, a large amount of base may be made up and notpigmentized or diluted by the solution of dyestuffs in a coal tarsolvent until orders are filled, thus saving much tankage in themanufacturers plant.

Second, the composition may be designed by anyone skilled in the art atany time after the base is prepared to accommodate it particularly tomore or less porous structures and to particular color requirements byemploying more or less pigment and volume of solution of dyestuffs in acoal tar solvent with more or less color density.

Although but one method of manufacture of the invention is disclosedherein in detail, other methods of manufacture obvious to those skilledin the art may be employed to provide a resulting compositionhaving alow viscosity, a high degree of polymerization,'the desired coloringqualities, and a fluidity such as will accommodate the resultingcomposition to be scrubbed easily and readily into structures of more orless degree of porosity.

The novel composition disclosed herein for mass color treating anddressing concrete and cement floors and the like increases thewaterproo'fness of the floor or other structure treated thereby,however, if a composition having extremely high waterproofing qualitiesis desired, parafiin wax, candelilla wax or other suitable mineral orvegetable Waxes may be added to the Vehicle. In the example hereinbeforegiven, it

In addition to increasing the waterproofness of floors or the liketreated with the novel composition, it has been found that the inclusiontherein of a wax in small quantity retards the drying of the compositionduring application sufilciently to permit it to be scrubbed deeply anduniformly into the surface pores and interstices of the floor or thelike treated thereby.

The quantity of pigment and dyestuffs employed is sufficient in eachinstance to provide a composition capable of coloring concrete or cementfioors or other structures to the desired shade of color.

The novel composition is preferably applied to a dry concrete or cementfloor or the like by means of a short stiff bristled brush using aslight scrubbing motion and in suflicient quantity to have at thesurface being treated during the said scrubbing motion slightly morecomposition than the concrete or cement floor or the like will instantlyabsorb. Because of the employment of a vehicle in the novel compoundwhich has an extremely low viscosity, and because the novel compound hasa low degree of polymerization, the novel compound will penetrateimmediately into concrete or cement floors or like structure uponapplication thereto and with little scrubbing.

When applied to a dry concrete or cement floor or the like the vehicleand solvent of the novel composition penetrates to a considerable depth.sometimes one-quarter of an .inch or more carrying with it the dye whichremains and colors the concrete A small portion of the pigment dispersedin the vehicle remains .on the surface; however, due to the lowviscosity and low degree of polymerization of the Vehicle employed andthe dispersion of the pigment therethrough, the remainder of the pigmentis drawn into the surface pores and interstices of the concrete orcement or other structure to which the novel composition is appliedwhere, upon drying, it becomes mechanically bonded and interlocked withthe structure treated in such an intimate relationship as to be, infact, substantially an integral part thereof.

After a concrete or cement fioor or the like is color treated with thenovel composition and the said composition is permitted to dry, a glosscoat or dressing composed of a pigmented wax pref-.- erably of the samecolor as the pigment in the said composition maybe applied by a vigorouspolishing preferably with a mechanical buffer to embed further into thefloor or the like the pigment material of the composition which had beencarried into the pores and interstices in the surface of the said flooror like structure treated thereby. While the gloss coat need not beemployed, it is generally used Where a highly polished finished surfaceis desired. Because of the mass color treatment of the floor or surfaceunder the pigmented wax gloss coat, the gloss coat may be renewed asrequired where heavy trafiic occurs and the renewed gloss coatedfioorwill blend into the unworn gloss coated floor without unsightly colordifferentials as encountered when patching the worn surface film ofpainted fioors or floors coated with other surface coatings and films.The'gloss coat or dressing when employed, not only provides the glossysurface desired but seals the surface pores and interstices of a flooror the like mass colored by the novel mass coloring composition hereindisclosed which-adds extra life to the floor treatment.

Fig. 1 of the drawing gives a typical illustration of a fioor or thelike treated with the novel composition disclosed herein showing thepenetration of the vehicle, solvent and dye and the deposit of thepigment dispersed therethrough at the surface and in the surface poresand interstices of the structure treated.

Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing show the effect of the conventional type ofpaint and like floor dressings on a cement fioor covered thereby. Itwill be observed by particular reference to Fig. 2 that there is verylittle penetration of the vehicle into the cement when a conventionaltype of floor paint or film is used and that no actual coloring isaccomplished below the film. Fig. 3 shows the effect of using aconventional type of paint or film with asolvent added, it beingobserved that the penetration, while greater than when no solvent isadded to the conventional floor paint, is comparatively small withrespect to the penetration of the novel composition disclosed herein,and that there is no coloring of the penetrated portion as is the casewhen the novel composition disclosed herein is employed.

The continued use of a floor treated with the novel composition hereindisclosed will show very little wear in comparison to a floor coveredwith the conventional type of paint or film of floor dressing or thelike inasmuch as the pigment of the novel composition herein disclosedbecomes mechanically interlocked within the surface pores andinterstices of the concrete or cement floor or other structure to whichthe novel composition is applied and because a thoroughly colored massbecomes exposed as the surface of the floor becomes worn by continueduse and traffic thereover. However, when the conventional type of paintor fioor dressing is used, the films deposited on the surface of aconcrete or cement floor or the like will crack, craze and wear off andwill permit the concrete surface and mass therebelow to become visiblein spots after continued use or traffic over a fioor coated thereby. Inorder to maintain the good appearance of a floor covered with theconventional type of paint or film, very frequent and carefulmaintenance applications thereof are necessary. In the instantinvention, the pigment deposited on the surface and in the surface poresand interstices of a floor treated by the novel composition hereindisclosed wears very slowly and very gradually exposes the colored massof the floor therebelow. There is no surface film, to be broken as inthe case of the use of the conventional floor paints and films andtherefore no unsightly contrast between the color of the film applied tothe floor and the color of the concrete will develop by wear. A floorcolored and treated with the novel composition herein disclosed willhave a much longer life Without maintenance than a floor covered with ausual type of paint or film inasmuch as it would be necessary to wearaway a considerable portion of the floor itself before unsightlycontrast with uncolored material below the surface could possibly becomeapparent.

The novel composition for mass color treatment of concrete or cementfloors and the like disclosed hereinis comparatively inexpensive in viewof the general effectiveness thereof including the long wear, highwaterproofing qualities, lasting coloring, ease of application andgreater freedom from maintenance of concrete or cement floors or otherstructures mass colored thereby. The pigmented wax dressing, ifemployed, provides high luster to a cement floor or the like after themass color treatment thereof and seals the pigment deposited at thesurface and in the surface pores and interstices of the structuretreated which materially adds to the life. of a floor or like structuretreated with the novel mass color treatment composition hereindisclosed.

Where the term drying oil is used, it is to be understood that itincludes such drying oils as China-wood oil, linseed oil, Perilla oiland similar suitable drying oils.

Where the term resin is used, it is to be understood that it includesrosin, limed rosin, East India gum, ester gum, phenol-formaldehyde resinor other suitable resin soluble in the drying oil employed.

It is to be understood that the particular compounds and methodsdisclosed and the procedure set forth are presented herein for thepurposes of illustration and explanation only, and that variousequivalents can be used and modifications of the composition, method andprocedure set forth can be made without departing from the spirit of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cement floors and thelike through scrubbing the same into the surface thereof comprising adispersion of a drying oil and resin vehicle miscible with coal tarsolvents composed of 200 to 600 pounds of a drying oil of the groupconsisting of China-wood oil, linseed oil and Perilla oil, 100 pounds ofa resin of a type soluble in the drying oil, approximately 800 pounds ofpetroleum distillate thinner, a finely ground pigment material, and asolution of dyestuffs of the type soluble in coal tar solvents, the saidliquid composition being characterized by having a sufficiently lowviscosity to admit of scrubbing into the surface of a cementitiousstructure being color treated thereby without deposition of a continuousfilm thereover,

2. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cement floors and thelike through scrubbing the same into the surface thereof comprising adispersion of a drying oil and resin vehicle miscible with coal tarsolvents composed of 200 to 600 pounds of a drying oil of the groupconsisting of China-wood oil, linseed oil and Perilla oil, 100 pounds ofa resin of a type soluble in the drying oil, a wax in suificiently smallquantity to retard the drying and hardening of the vehicle withoutmaterially increasing the viscosity thereof, approximately 800 pounds ofpetroleum distillate thinner, a finely ground pigment material, and asolution of dyestuffs of the type soluble in coal tar solvents, the saidliquid composition being characterized by having sufficiently lowviscosity to admit of scrubbing into the surface of a cementitiousstructure being color treated thereby without deposition of a continuousfilm thereover.

ing a dispersion of a drying oil and resin vehicle miscible with coaltar solvents composed of 200 to 600 pounds of a drying oil of the groupconsisting of China-wood oil, linseed oil and Perilla oil, 100 pounds ofa resin of a type soluble in the drying oil, 25 to 40 pounds of Wax,approximately 800 pounds of petroleum distillate thinner, a finelyground pigment material, and a solution of dystuffs of the type solublein coal tar solvents, the said liquid composition being characterized byhaving a sufliciently low viscosity to admit of scrubbing into thesurface of a cementitious structure being color treated thereby withoutdeposition of a continuous film thereover.

4. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cementitiousstructures through scrubbing the same into the surface thereofcomprising a dispersion of a drying oil and resin vehicle composed of amixture of 200 to 600 pounds of a drying oil of the group consisting ofChina-wood oil, linseed oil and Perilla oil and 100 pounds of a resin ofa type soluble in the drying oil heated together at such at rate as topermit the mixture to reach about 560 F. in approximately 30 minutesfrom which temperature the mixture is permitted to cool to an initialthinning temperature of 4'75 F., approximately 800 pounds of petroleumdistillate thinner, a finely ground pigment material, and a solution ofdyestuffs in coal tar solvent.

5. A liquid composition as claimed in claim 4 in which 25 to 40 poundsof wax is included in the vehicle.

6. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cement fioors and thelike through scrubbing the same into the surface thereof comprising asufnciently low viscosity and low degree of polymerization and thedyestufis being present in sufficient amounts to impart the desireddegree of coloring and to admit of scrubbing the said resultingcomposition into the porous surface of a cementitious structure beingcolor treated thereby without deposition of a continuous film thereover.

7. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cement floors and thelike through scrubbing the same into the surface thereof comprising adispersion of a finely ground pigment material in a vehicle basemiscible with coal tar solvents composed of 200 to 600 pounds of adrying oil of the group consisting of China-wood oil, linseed oil andPerilla oil, 100 pounds of a resin of a type soluble in the drying oil,and approximately 800 pounds of petroleum distillate thinner, and asolution of dyestuffs of the type soluble in coal tar solvents added tosaid pigmentized base in uniform solution therewith and in suflicientamount to impart to the porous structure to be color treated by theresulting composition the desired degree of coloring and to admit ofscrubbing the said resulting composition into the porous surface of acementitious structure being color treated thereby without deposition ofa continuous film thereover.

8. A liquid composition for the color treatment of cement fioors and thelike through scrubbing the same into the surface thereof comprising adispersion of a finely ground pigment material in a base composed of adrying oil and resin miscible with coal tar solvents wherein the dryingoil is present in 2 to 6 times the quantity of the resin, thesaid baseincluding a petroleum distillate thinner from 1 to 4 times the amount ofdrying oil employed, and a solution of dyestuffs soluble in coal tarsolvent added to said pigmentized base in suflicient amount to impart toresulting composition the desired degree of color, penetration andscrubbability into a cementitious structure being color treated therebywithout deposition of a continuous film thereover.

9. A liquid "composition as claimed in claim 8 in which 25% to 40% ofwax by weight of the resin is included in the base,

RALPH E. MADISON. ARTHUR T. SAUNDERS.

